Abstract

The article examines and analyzes the socio-political, cultural and spiritual heritage of representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia in Kazakhstan at the beginning of the twentieth century as one of the directions of political and philosophical thought. The national-ideological works forme by the Kazakh intelligentsia for the modernization of public consciousness are studied. Thus, the word «Alash» is considered not only as a proper name given to a political movement, but also attempts were made to reveal its philosophical meaning and deep content. In the same way, the initiatives and processes of implementing the Republic of Turkestan in the last century were formulated from the point of view of the results of the thought of the Kazakh intelligentsia, attention was paid to the development and evolution of the political and philosophical thought of the intelligentsia. The views of the Kazakh intelligentsia who adopted the ideology of socialism, the historical role of the socialist worldview before the country were also analyzed. From among the Kazakh intellectuals, we attached importance to the role of the creators of the idea, in parallel with the dissemination of the idea, we tried to generalize their way of activity and thought. At the same time, the development of several political and philosophical thoughts of the last century reflected the peculiarities of political pluralism in Kazakh society. Having studied the topic, it was possible to make sure that the socio-political processes of the early twentieth century consisted not only of the struggle of opposing forces, groups, but, above all, of the confrontation of a purposeful system of views and ideas. Studying the trends in the development of political and philosophical thought in Kazakhstan, we combined them with socio-political thought in modern independent Kazakhstan.

Key words: Alash, national idea, Turkestan Republic, political and philosophical thought, Kazakh intelligentsia, socialism, socio-political processes, political systems.